In Thinking, Fast and Slow, Daniel Kahneman introduces and explains 3 sets of characters. First he introduces two imaginary systems (imaginary because they do not really exist in the brain although they explain many things about how our minds think). In the first set, there are two systems. System 1 is automatic, intuitive, and thinks fast. System 2, on the other hand, extends more effort and is rational. It is what we THINK we are. However, it is slow as it monitors system 1 and it tends to be lazy. It typically does not want to be double-checking system 1's analyses.
Secondly, Kahneman introduces two species: Econs, who live in the world of theory, and humans, who live in the real world. And thirdly, he introduces two selves: the "Experiencing Self" which does the living, and the "Remembering Self which keeps score and makes choices.
This book serves as a compilation of Kahneman's life work and a celebration of his long career and collaboration with his deceased colleague Amos Tversky. Some reviewers say Kahneman "is a bit late to the party" (even though these were apparently originally his ideas). However, since I am hardly an expert in the fields of behavioral economics, psychology of judgment, and decision-making, I nevertheless found this book to be highly engaging and enlightening from start to finish. That does not mean it was an easy read. The content was often difficult for me to understand upon first (and sometimes 2nd or 3rd) hearing, and prompted me to hit the "rewind" button many times when my attention was diverted during daily commuting.
The content of the book is even more difficult for me to apply practically but I'll try:
1. At the very end of the book, Kahneman applauds applications related to measures of well-being, “libertarian paternalism” and "choice architecture" as proposed by Thaler and Sunstein in their book “Nudge”, but I need more time to process some of the implications.
2. When seeking to rationally think through decisions, I need to seek to re-frame questions and problems, understand the effects of priming, etc. It would be nice if I could simply seek to engage my so-called "system 2" more frequently and deliberately. However the author himself concedes at the end of the book that he has not really been able to improve much in this area himself in the years since he first undertook this research. It is the thinking processes of others which he thinks he understands more. We can make much more progress in recognizing the errors of others than their own. As Kahneman says in his concluding remarks, we need to seek to ask for reinforcement from system 2 when entering cognitive mind fields. But he also says he is writing not not to individuals and decision makers but to organizations because it is only in the context of the group/organization where the decision-making climate can change.
3. One practical team decision-making exercise I may be able to put to use some time in the future is to encourage everyone who is about to rubberstamp some massive undertaking or expenditure in a team or organizational setting to imagine that one or two years down the road the new project has turned out to be a stupendous failure. Then encourage everyone to write down and share every particular way it turned out to be a failure.
4. When living in the worlds of "experiencing" or "remembering" I am reminded to seek to be attentive to the passing of time and to earn to cherish the moment. Interestingly, on the same day as I was listening to this portion of the audio book, an article appeared in the Washington Post (07/23/2015) entitled Why Half of the Life You Experience is Over by Age 7. Though the science behind the article may be suspect, the point is that some points in our lives seem to pass more slowly than others. Later that same day, I was listening to The Future of the Mind by Michio Kaku when the author quoted Steven Pinker: " I would argue that nothing gives life more purpose than the realization that every moment of consciousness is a precious and fragile gift." Coincidentally, that very same day I re-watched an old Star Trek TNG episode entitled Timescape. At the conclusion Data comments to Riker that "Recent events compel me to study how humans perceive the passing of time. For example, time seems to pass more slowly in one instance, or quickly in another. Riker replies: "I suppose it's how people perceive time. Every situation is different. It depends upon how you feel."
In conclusion let me say for now you may not feel like you're enjoying every moment as you read through Thinking Fast and Slow and if you are like me you will need to spend a lot of time digesting what you take in, but it will be worth your time and effort in the end.
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